According to the report, the global electric bus market is projected to reach 448.920 thousand units by 2031, expanding at a CAGR of 17.89% during the forecast period.
Hydrogen fuel cell
buses are powered by combining the powertrain with fuel cell systems,
controlled technology, and batteries. Such buses are regarded as the next
generation of green vehicles, as they possess an extended lifespan as compared
to e-buses. Rise in adoption of hydrogen fuel cell buses is estimated to offer
significant opportunities for the market during the forecast period. Hydrogen
fuel cell buses possess route flexibility as well as a fast refueling speed.
These benefits have significantly boosted the demand for such buses for public
transport systems.
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Expansion of Global Electric Bus Market
Electric hybrid
buses have proven to offer a significant increase in fuel economy, as compared
to standard diesel buses. In fact, according to the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL), hybrid buses offer an average 37% higher fuel economy
improvement than that offered by conventional diesel buses. A significant
benefit of electric-drive buses is their improved performance. These vehicles
provide a quieter and smoother ride, as compared to buses with more traditional
ICE engines, providing passengers a more enjoyable ride.
Electric Bus Market Segmentation
In terms of bus
length, the 10-12 meter segment accounted for a notable share of the global
electric bus market. However, the 12-15 meter segment is expected to gain
market share by the end of the forecast period owing to the large volumes of
electric passenger buses used in public transport fleet. Most public transport
fleets, especially in China, which accounts for almost 99% of the market, have
electric buses that are 12-15 m in length. Furthermore, several market leading
OEMs such as BYD, Proterra, and Yutong have been providing electric buses in
the 12-15 m length range. BYD offers K8 and K9 electric buses between 12 m and
15 m in length and a range of 155 miles and 190 miles. It also offers C8 and C9
transit buses with a range of 125 miles and 155 miles, respectively.
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In terms of battery
type, the lithium ion- phosphate battery segment held a prominent share of the
electric bus market in North America, in terms of volume, in 2020. The average
price of Li-ion battery packs for large orders declined from approximately $600
per kilowatt-hour (kWh) in 2015 to approximately $150/kWh in 2020. Any decline
in the battery price would help automotive OEMs cut down the price of the
vehicles, as the battery accounts for around 40% of the electric bus
manufacturing cost, thereby boosting their sales. Additionally, the battery
capacity is likely to increase, owing to technological advancements, which, in
turn, is estimated to help cater to the demand for a longer driving range.
Thus, manufacturers are consistently working toward achieving a higher energy
density and lower reliance on cobalt, an expensive raw material used in these
batteries. This, in turn, would increase the operational efficiency of these
batteries and lower their cost, respectively, thus, ultimately, boosting bus
sales. This acts one of the key drivers in the electric bus market.
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The batteries of
current electric buses have low capacities with long charging durations and
limited range per charge. The performance and service life of batteries
directly affect the performance and the cost of electric buses. Presently,
batteries used to power electric buses are lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel
metal hydride, lithium-ion, and super capacitors. Lithium-ion batteries are
gradually replacing lead-acid, nickel cadmium, and nickel metal hydride
batteries in electric buses, as they offer a longer battery life.
However, the
capacity of lithium-ion batteries is too low to power commercial vehicles, such
as electric buses, as the heavy loads require more power to create maximum
torque. In cold climates, the charging-discharging performance of batteries
declines significantly, making it difficult for batteries to provide maximum
power. The time required to charge an electric bus with the equipment available
currently in the market is very long, leading to wastage of time. The average
time required to charge an electric vehicle from 0% to 100% with a 7 kW
charging point is more than 4 hours. Moreover, most of the charging
infrastructure is equipped with low-capacity chargers. These challenges must be
addressed in order to boost the electric bus market.
Regional Analysis of Electric Bus Market
Based on region, the
global electric bus market has been segregated into North America, Europe, Asia
Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Latin America. Asia Pacific (APAC) held
a prominent share of the global electric bus market, primarily because of the
large-scale deployment of these vehicles in China. This Is due to the enactment
of supportive policies and provision of financial incentives by governments for
the replacement of traditional diesel, petrol, and natural gas buses with
greener variants. Moreover, several other countries in the region are aiming to
electrify their public fleets over the next few years.
Electric Bus Market Players
Prominent players
operating in the global electric bus market include BYD Company Ltd., Yutong,
New Flyer Industries Inc., Proterra Inc., Solaris Bus & Coach SA, Zhongtong
Bus Holding Co., Ltd, Shenzhen Wuzhoulong Motors Co., Ltd, EBUSCO BV, Alexander
Dennis, King Long, FAW Group, AB Volvo, Daimler AG, TATA Motors, and Ashok
Leyland.
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